Sinuous spring vs coil spring. The 9-gauge wire has a diameter of 0.
Sinuous spring vs coil spring ” It’s no longer synonymous with comfort or high quality. Once the screws are removed, you can pull the old springs out of the frame. It's ideal for Visit our online store to discover a wide springs catalog of wholesale sinuous springs vs coil springs designed to expand, absorb impact and maintain pressure in their different applications. The sizes of the springs can range from about 3 inches (76. Sep 11, 2018 · Sinuous springs provide support for sofa frames at Modernica. Pocket Springs: As the name implies, pocket springs are individual coil springs covered in fabric pockets. Each gauge can be customized with three levels of firmness: hard, regular, and soft. Fixed Competitive Price Fh Series Spiral Internal Retaining Rings Carbon Steel Material – Nested Wave Springs – Lisheng Spring. Feb 28, 2019 · There are many factors that determine whether a sofa is good quality; a few examples are upholstery materials and construction. In many traditional innerspring mattresses from the 20th century and still some entry level models today have used the Bonnell spring to create durable and supportive mattresses. Drop-in coil springs. Drop-In Coil Springs System. 1480 inches. May 31, 2012 · "Disregard the term “eight-way hand-tied springs. Firm sinuous springs -- 8 or 9 gauge -- work best for seats and ottomans. The illustrations above show two common spring designs. While coil springs offer affordability and uniform support, pocket springs excel in providing superior comfort, motion isolation, and durability. Sold in 120 ft. You can have the best-looking home theater seats or the latest sofa, but if it isn’t comfortable to sit on, what does it matter? Here we answer all your questions about foam core vs. So beware of that. Feb 8, 2025 · Coil springs sometimes ride on top of the vehicle’s axle instead. Leaf Springs vs. These springs offer good support and create a firm Nov 5, 2023 · Sinuous springs are a popular choice for many upholstered pieces since they give excellent support and are inexpensive. Unlike traditional innerspring systems that are interconnected, pocket springs are entirely independent allowing for added contour and pressure point relief than older innerspring models. All frames are corner blocked for superior strength; Seating suspension is an 8-gauge sinuous coil spaced 4-8” apart ensuring lasting comfort and ride Feb 13, 2023 · Coil springs are also often featured in solid-axle systems, such as a 4-link, which is superior to keeping a the axle in place and eliminating issues unique to leaf springs, such as axle wrap DualFlex Spring. Remove the old springs. Unlike traditional coil springs that can sometimes create pressure points, sinuous springs distribute weight evenly, providing a smoother, more even support. nars matte bronzer mini. Mattress coils are usually between 13-gauge and 17-gauge, with 13-gauge indicating a thicker coil and 17-gauge indicating a thinner coil. eventide modfactor manual. The springs in a coil sprung unit are all connected and move together. This process helps guarantee sturdy support and limits individual sagging of any one spring over the life of the sofa. They are then fastened to the sofa frame to provide support and durability. What is Webbing? Sinuous spring suspension tends to feel firmer than eight-way hand-tied. They are noticeably more comfortable than sinuous wire foundations. Sinuous Springs : Sinuous springs, also referred to as 'Zig Zag' springs due to their S-shape, offer both flexibility and support. Also make sure the old “U” brackets are secure enough for new springs. Use a screwdriver to remove the screws that hold the old springs in place. A quick how to install zig zag springs tutorial for your chair or bench. Top with a couple accent pillows and drape a throw over the back for an even more inviting appearance. Because of how coil springs store and release kinetic energy through movement, manufacturers usually install them on performance vehicles and trucks. These springs are made of heavy-gauge metal wires that are formed into a zigzag pattern. Significantly easier to install than labor and time intensive coil springs. I always assumed they were gas spring because they have a weight / counter balance adjustment. The flexolator grid is a suspension that is less common than coil springs and sinuous springs. Typically if you want a firmer seat go with sinuous. Sep 26, 2017 · Sinuous springs are attached to the front and back rails of the chair and, when linked together, are able to support the weight of someone sitting on them. We had a leather, sinuous spring sofa with pocket coil cushions that lasted well over 10 years. They are available in various sizes and materials, including steel, stainless steel, and Nitinol. . I always remove the zigzag springs and use 3" elastic webbing, it lasts so much longer and gives an even smooth comfort level across the sofa. Above all comes the question of comfort. They provide high resilience and distribute weight evenly. using corner braces, staples, glue and mortise and tenon joinery • A sinuous arc spring construction with an average of 15 springs per sofa • Springs are double clipped at each arm to prevent rollover and cross braced with a double strand of 16 gauge wire. To make 8-way hand-tied coils, laborers tie springs eight ways, from side to side, front to back and diagonally. These springs are 1-3/4 inches wide with a distance between turns of 7/8 inch. Quality sinuous spring vs coil spring sofa quality difference - find quality Zigzag spring, Furniture Accessories & Zigzag spring from Foshan Quan Yi Spring Hardware Co. Room and Board, Crate & Barrel do not make these types of sofas. In addition, spring clips are coated to eliminate squeaking. Mar 4, 2022 · Sinuous spring construction tends to fall in the middle of the price range, while eight-way, hand-tied springs are usually the most expensive option. Mar 16, 2020 · Sinuous springs with smaller curves or turns work better that ones with large S curves. Unlike traditional innerspring systems that are interconnected, pocket springs are entirely independent allowing for added contour and pressure point relief than older innerspring mo New sinuous springs; Wire cutters; Pliers; Screwdriver; Measuring tape; Instructions: 1. Each spring in this design may move independently, conforming to the shape of the person sitting on the couch. Measure the new springs. Dec 8, 2021 · Whether the seat is supported by coil springs, sinuous springs, or webbing, a failure in any of these will result in the seat sagging, the fabrics stressing, and the comfort decreasing. A well designed 8 gauge sinuous wire spring will sit better and last longer than the majority of todays 8-way tied coil springs. Sinuous springs provide good support and durability, and they are less noisy than coil springs. I base that on more than 40 years of on-the-floor upholstery manufacturing experience and over 20 years of re-upholstery experience where you see exactly what makes a spring unit= 8-way tied coil springs or sinuous When combined with a thick high resiliency cushion, it is difficult to tell the difference in comfort between the different types of foundations being used below the seat deck -- whether it is a $500 genuine 8 way hand-tied unit, a $150 "drop-in" coil foundation, a $60 elasticized webbing or a $20 no-sag sinuous wire spring. Sinuous Wire. And gosh, you know, a lot of people really hear that term, they latch onto it, they really, really want it, and they don't necessarily know why. Sinuous Springs: Sinuous springs, also known as serpentine springs, are S-shaped and run from the front to the back of the chair. Sinuous springs vs coil springs Most furniture makers agree that there is no one best spring system, although there are certainly some methods which are superior to others. Hickory Springs draws its own tempered spring wire in a wide range of gauges in its state-of-the-art production facility and conducts rigorous quality tests throughout its product and assembly processes to ensure that each product performs according to the company’s high standards of quality. Beds with pocketed coil systems differ from traditional spring beds. ) Most Marshall coils found in Spring Down cushions are 4 inches high, although the height, diameter, and gauge of the steel coils can vary. The springs are usually installed along the seat or back of a piece of furniture. Zigzag springs in upholstery furniture easy to install and inexpensive, can mix up with webbing. . These are predominantly used in lower-cost furniture, but they can last a long time despite being one of the more cost-effective options on For those seeking a softer and more cushioned feel, seat constructions that incorporate sinuous springs or pocket coil springs are excellent choices. The springs provide a subtle bounce and contour to the body's curves, creating a comfortable and No-sag springs, also known as sinuous springs or serpentine springs, are a type of spring system commonly used in upholstery and furniture construction. Dec 4, 2017 · Sinuous springs and 8-way hand-tied springs are the two most common spring systems used to construct upholstered furniture. goalkeeper gloves site. com, making them a popular choice for modern, low to the ground couches with Jun 2, 2014 · Zigzag springs can replace coil springs as long as you pay attention to thegauge of the wire and the firmness of the spring. In this video Bill will show you how to determine the gauge of the springs, what clips are used to attach to the frame and how to install a new zigzag sinuous spring. Mar 1, 2013 · The latter company offers "sinuous wire spring" construction, which I'm not familiar with. Sinuous springs require less space in the frame of a couch, according to Furniture First. Their longevity makes them suitable for commercial furniture that will experience substantial use. Note that some furniture manufacturers will actually say that their sofa is "eight way hand-tied", even if using a drop in coil spring system. sarong wrap skirt short; smart view flip cover; Double Coned Coil Upholstery Springs Product Overview Enhance your traditional upholstery projects with our expertly crafted Double Coned Coil Upholstery Springs. May 9, 2016 · 10’ section of 9 gauge sinuous/zig zag spring - hard-to-find auto restoration and upholstery products offered exclusively . Zigzag springs upholstery springs vs coil springs install, zig zag springs install, also name zig zag upholstery springs, use in ottomans, sofas and chairs. The individual springs have their own little pockets and work independently of each other. Spring sofas utilize coil springs within their structure to provide cushioning and bounce. This makes them a Feb 9, 2014 · While most sinuous sofa springs are made of 9-gauge steel wire, some higher-quality couches use copper-coated sinuous springs to prevent corrosion, according to Sofa-Guide. These springs are very easy to use and are great for ottomans, chairs and sofas (seats and backs), etc. com. Apr 19, 2016 · An 8-way hand-tied sofa spring system is a tried and true technique that requires skilled craftsmanship. Furniture Spring Components. Sinuous springs attach directly to the frame of your furniture. Feb 2, 2019 · Laborers tie the springs eight different ways including side to side, diagonally and front to back. Pocketed Coils - Pocketed Coils: Found in some sofas, these are individual coils wrapped in fabric and arranged across the seating area. Here are some other advantages: Pressure relief: Sofa springs relieve pressure points in the body, improving blood circulation and lowering discomfort. Jan 5, 2019 · Sinuous-spring are easy to remember because they're simply S-shaped springs set in zigzagging rows within the foundation of the seat. This is a high quality cushion with Marshall coils (not pocketed coils. Oil-tempered spring wire is utilized throughout for a level, resilient deck; Coil Flex™ is comfort-engineered for the most in support and durability; All the benefits of a coil system, with economical construction for efficient installation; Selection of coil gauges, heights, and coil count for fine-tuned seating comfort What Are Sinuous Springs? Sinuous springs are also called zig-zag springs because they are made of one piece of metal bent into a zig-zag. Coil springs, often found in antique and high-quality furniture, are cylindrical and offer a balance of flexibility and firmness. The Blue Ribbon spring, and the DualFlex Spring System. Sinuous spring systems consist of heavy-gauge steel wires formed in continuous, vertical S-shaped coils. Compared to the other suspension systems on this list, sinuous springs are relatively new. Feb 27, 2019 · It’s true that sinuous-spring sofas are less expensive than eight-way hand-tied, and if properly made they will perform better than a drop-in spring system or fake eight-way hand-tied suspension. Pocketed Coils: Similar to coil springs but each spring is encased in its fabric pocket, reducing motion transfer. of China Suppliers - 125568783. Jan 14, 2025 · What’s a Pocket Spring Mattress? A pocket-coil or spring mattress has metal coils or springs, each wrapped in fabric. Is Mayo Furniture in Texarkana, TX good quality? They advertise the use of 8-gauge sinuous springs, chambered back cushions, and coil springs in the seat cushions that carry a lifetime warranty. With this system, a series of coil springs are hand-tied into a secure position that adds an incredible level of durability and creates a supportive and comfortable surface. sinuous springs vs coil springs sinuous springs vs coil springs. However, a zig zag wire is more likely to break than a coil spring. The C-Flex spring can be found in the brand’s 5000 series sofas. However, they can be more expensive than coil On the other hand, sinuous spring sofas are the most common suspension systems in low to mid-range priced sofas. They are made using an S-shaped spring, or thick-gauge wire bent to create a recurring S-shaped pattern. Pocket spring beds allow the coils to respond with the shape and weight it feels. by Yun Tong. Upholstered furniture uses either the first or second type, whereas marshall springs are found on mattresses. What is a Pocket Spring Mattress? Pocket springs are individually wrapped coil systems that are stitched into mattresses below a comfort layer of foam or other material. 3 +1. Each support system has pros and cons, but some are better than others when it comes to longevity and quality. They are designed to provide support and prevent sagging in seating surfaces such as sofas, chairs, and mattresses. She also recommends making sure they have at least two silent tie wires clipped to each spring. Because the springs move independently, you'll get more support for your body. When shopping for new furniture, play close attention to spring construction. This type of suspension involves pre-constructed metal coil units attached to the sofa frame. Like webbing, s-spring sofas are much easier to install. There's a couple different types of suspension systems: sinuous springs, kind of a lower end suspension system; pocket coil suspension system is what we use; and then 8-way hand-tied. - Comparison: Pocketed coils offer more individualized support and can be softer, while sinuous springs are firmer and more uniform in feel. The Original No-Sag® loop springs are the basic sinuous springs designed for upholstery operations while the XL Loop® springs have a greater distance between bars. Made of premium sinuous wire made in USA. Some flexolator ones tend to squeak more over time but mainly on heavy use. It's pretty common, it's no offense, but it's probably the cheapest type of suspension out there for furniture. Thoughts? Jan 4, 2019 · What is a Sinuous Spring Sofa Suspension? Best Sofa Springs - Zig Zag Couch Spring - Roger and ChrisShop the best sinuous spring sofa suspension on Roger and Nov 14, 2024 · Design and Construction of Spring Systems. Mar 11, 2022 · Coil gauge describes the thickness of the wire, while coil count refers to the total number of springs in the mattress. Drop-in coil springs . I've always heard that 8-way hand-tied construction is the best and since I will probably own these sofas for the next 15 years or so, I do want high quality. Pocket Spring. The Bonnell coil has an hour glass shape (wider at the bottom and the top than the middle) and are interconnected with a mesh of metal to make the spring system. Spring Massoud uses coil springs (and spring edges) for their foundations. How sofa springs promote comfort and support. These springs are evenly spaced and made of dual steel. After 8 years of rapid speed development, now we have a high standard of modern production plant with Apr 11, 2017 · Pocket sprung mattresses offer more support than open coiled. (Working on one now). Advantages and Disadvantages. by jamesbodell. Sep 11, 2018 · Sinuous springs aren’t as fancy as the other options, so they can usually be found in middle-tier furniture. Made in the USA › Oct 30, 2024 · Types of Chair Springs. This guide will show you the different kinds of spring systems, which one is the best and how to check which spring system your sofa has!8 Way Hand Tied Coil SpringsLabor-Intensive/Highest Quality Long Sep 6, 2023 · What are Zigzag Springs? Zigzag springs, also known as sinuous springs, are a popular choice for sofa construction. While similar in feel to hand-tied springs, they tend to lack the same long-term durability. Drop-in coil springs are a less labor-intensive version of other types of spring suspension; coils are mounted on a metal frame, which is then added to the furniture as its own single unit, rather than being attached directly to the furniture's frame. XL Loop® is firmer and more Quality sinuous spring vs. With coil springs, gauges range from eight to 11, whereas sinuous springs range from eight to 13. The interior is foam-filled, while sinuous springs provide plenty of support. Pocket springs are individually wrapped coil systems that are stitched into mattresses below a comfort layer of foam or other material. Sinuous Springs Vs Coil Springs. Oct 31, 2023 · Coil Springs : Coil springs take on a spiral shape and are joined by wires to construct a supportive base. The 9-gauge wire has a diameter of 0. Sectional sofa seat cushion with or without springs. No matter what a sales person says. Coil Springs: Coil springs are cylindrical and found in many upholstered chairs. XL Loop® Springs The same width as original loop but the distance between bars is greater. If the wood frame is the skeleton of a sofa, the springs stretched across it operate as the seat’s tendons and Jan 27, 2022 · One of the best coil springs on the market today is the 8-way hand-tied coil spring. There are two distinct types of coil spring cushions. Furniture. Flexolator if you want to sink in more. Furthermore, they're also valued for their durability and ease of installation, making them a favored choice among furniture manufacturers and upholstery specialists. 1180 to 0. Very easy to use and great for upholstery and furniture restoration. These can add several hundred dollars to the cost of a sofa. Designed to achieve the latest standard in superior seating comfort, the DualFlex Spring System uses thick, evenly spaced steel ribbons along the length of the frame from front to back. You can find it below the products images: How to Measure and Cut ZigZag / No-Sag / Sinuous Springs ***** No-Sag, S-coils, zigzag wire, zig zag springs, serpentine springs — all the same thing, but with different names. The ribbons are attached to the spring’s frame with resilient helical coils that allow for a wider range of motion. Drop-In Coil Springs. The first diagram shown is for a Spring Down cushion. This coil spring system is used in brands like Smith Brothers of Berne, Indiana. On top of this, the springs in an open coil mattress lose their form quicker, which can lead to ‘roll-together’ in the middle of the mattress. Sinuous springs are similar to zigzag springs, but they are made from a series of individual coils that are connected together. com Apr 22, 2016 · Sinuous springs give you that firmer and more durable feel, while hand-tied springs are known for their ultra-comfy touch. Photo: Gregory Han. Generally it depends on the spring gauge thickness & spacing. The springs may not sag, but they do squeak and snap fittings after 10 years, also put uneven pressure on the foam and will cut through from underneath over time. Aug 15, 2024 · Understanding Chair Springs. I have redone numerous chairs and sofas from the 50's that are all spring tied, or have zig-zig springs. Sofa Bonnell Coil Spring for Sofa Making, Find Details and Price about Bonnell Spring Spring from Sofa Bonnell Coil Spring for Sofa Making - DeKui Intelligent Equipment(SuZhou) Co. Shown on two arts and crafts style furniture projects, this seat cushion springing Jan 22, 2025 · In conclusion, the choice between coil spring vs pocket spring ultimately depends on your specific needs and preferences. Commonly used in ottomans, chairs (especially seats), auto seats and sofas (seat and back) and take the place of coil springs. Chair springs come in various types, each designed to provide different levels of support and comfort. The Supr-Loop® springs are the top of the seating system, ideal for backs and tight-seat applications. Hello all, I was just wondering if there is a real or percieved quality difference between sofas with sinuous spring and one with coil springs. A sinuous spring sofa or chair should be considerably less in price that an 8-way hand tied unit. 2. Sinuous springs are typically supplied in gauges 8 to 11 GA wire. Sinuous springs are commonly found in chairs, ottomans and sofas and are installed in both the seats and the backs. You generally buy the springs needed in 10-foot sections, and cut them with wire cutters. of China Suppliers - 125568645. Knowing this, here are the four main types of upholstery springs and foundation: eight-way hand-tied or hand-knotted, S or sinuous springs, pocket spring and web suspension. So, if you are considering well made custom furniture, expect hardwood (not particle board or plywood frames) and 8-way tied springs. The most important component being the sofa’s spring system. The most common types include coil springs, zigzag springs, and sinuous springs. Designed with precision and durability in mind, these springs provide the perfect balance of comfort and support for a wide range of upholstered furniture. Apr 7, 2017 · It’s true that sinuous-spring sofas are less expensive than eight-way hand-tied, and if properly made they will perform better than a drop-in spring system or fake eight-way hand-tied suspension. What has failed is the fabric, it has just worn out. facebook linkedin youtube instagram. Sinuous spring Vs coil spring sofa/quality difference. The springs are supported by webbing on the underside of the sofa, and the top springs are secured by twine (which is where the name comes in)! The twine is hand-tied at 8 different spots for each spring, and then attached to the frame. This is the main difference between pocket spring and open coil mattresses. Overall they are great and heavy duty and can handle heavy monitors well. Sinuous spring suspension tends to feel firmer than eight-way hand-tied. It is cheaper, easier to install. Coil Springs vs. Apr 19, 2023 · When choosing a new piece of furniture there’s much to consider. Jul 7, 2013 · Kiln-dried, seven-ply, engineered wood frame Reinforced mortise-and-tenon joints Sinuous spring back Tempered, heavy-gauge, drop-in coil-spring units in seat High-resiliency, soft-foam topped foam-core cushions with polyester fiber wrap Loose seat and back cushions, three each Available in 86- and 94-inch widths 37 inches high and 37 inches deep Drop In Coil Springs (Very Good) A drop in coil spring system is basically trying to replicate the eight way hand tied system. Jan 19, 2010 · There are three basic types of spring used in upholstered furniture: coil, zig-zag or sinuous and marshall. Oct 12, 2021 · There are three main designs available: the C-Flex spring. Just make sure the wire is at least 8-gauge and that there are at least two silent tie wires running across and clipped to each spring. The firmness of a seat that uses sinuous springs depends on the gauge of Sinuous springs vs coil springs. Sinuous springs, which create a gentle "S" shape across the seat, offer a plush and relaxed feel. Belleville Washers Coil springs: These springs have a helical coil design, making them ideal for applications where precise control is necessary. , Ltd. These springs vary in types such as sinuous (zig-zag) or pocketed coils. Well, a sinuous spring suspension, which is a bit of a tongue-twister, is the type of suspension that you most likely have on the sofa that you're sitting on right now. You cannot get this in an open coil mattress because the continuous wire that connects every spring will cause other springs to shift in unison. Sinuous springs are S-shaped wires running from front to back, offering flexibility and support. Sinuous springs. Sinuous Springs. As the twine is tied, it is crossed in eight different directions. The presence of springs allows sofa cushions to retain their shape and height, optimises comfort and prevents them from sagging. Cannot find another one. rolls. However, there can be a range of prices with each type of suspension, so don't assume an expensive high-end sofa has eight-way, hand-tied springs based only on the price point. • A deck pad Mar 1, 2023 · Sinuous springs. SINUOUS LOOP SPRINGS Seat Springs No-Sag® Spring Ends Original No-Sag® (small) Loop Springs The “basic” sinuous spring for upholstery operations has been manufactured by No-Sag® since its introduction to the U. Hey guys, So ive been using a pair of DELL MSA-20 monitor arms. Springs: Sofa/chair tension springs -sizes vary Strapping: Buy some stock 20 gauge steel strapping and cut, de-burr, and drill holes accordingly. Regardless of what type of spring support you pick, if it’s American-made and uses high-quality materials, you won’t be getting poked by any springs! One of the most common seating systems used in modern upholstery is sinuous springs, also known as sinuous wire or zig-zag spring. " All sinuous springs vs coil springs goal zero 8mm to 12v adapter cable sinuous springs vs coil springs sinuous springs vs coil springs. If it breaks, the entire seat will sag at once. Webbing. S. 2 mm) to 14 inches (356 mm), but the taller the spring, the less stable the furniture will be. Apr 17, 2018 · High Quality ZigZag (No-Sag) Sinuous Upholstery Spring - 10 Yard Section ; 8 Gauge Sinuous Wire: For extra-firm seats and industrial uses. hand tied - find quality Zigzag spring, Springs & Zigzag spring from Foshan Quan Yi Spring Hardware Co. Their A craftsman then works with a high-quality twine to tie each coil spring together with the adjacent springs and to the sofa frame. Though, it is likely new springs would likely fix the sagging. This Jul 2, 2024 · Sinuous Springs: These S-shaped wires run from front to back, providing excellent support and durability. Other types of springs--coil, cone, S-shaped, and grid--can be just fine; they mainly influence how comfortable the sofa feels to you. See full list on stylnn. Measure the length of the old springs and cut the new Sofa Webbing Vs 8-Way Handtied Springs Vs Sinuous Spring Sofa Spring Systems Comparison Eight-Way Handtied You have spotted a sofa that looks so beautiful that you act on emotion and buy it right away, well friends we are here to educate you so you know what to look for when buying sofas and similar products. Drop-in spring system is a pre-made steel framework of coils connected to one another. Jun 11, 2018 · Second, sinuous springs need less space than coil ones, so these springs could be preferred for some modern designs. You can cut these springs down to the size you need with bolt cutters. in 1934. It seems to me that "at rest", the coil spring would not be under any tension and therefor would be more apt to last longer than a sinuous spring construction which is always in tension. They also use Revolution fabric that is supposed to almost stain proof due to the use of polypropylene yarns. Webbing can be an economical but durable choice for your suspension system. The disadvantage of a sinuous spring is that it can fail since a lot of weight lies in a small portion of the whole system. However, they can be more expensive than coil springs. Off-road vehicles also benefit from coil springs due to the uneven ground when off roading. F Honestly, I would go with either & not dwell on it too much both hold up pretty well. pocket coil furniture. 3. Ribbons run the full length of the entire frame from the front all the way to the back of the seating area. Dec 6, 2024 · Sinuous Springs vs. However, according to Fox News’ Laura Oglethorpe, if your sinuous springs are 8-gauge, they should get the job done just fine. We are specialized in furniture spring, varieties of independent pocket springs, sofa springs, mattress springs, and pillow springs etc and keep a good cooperation with large sofa mattress enterprises at home and abroad. Coil Springs: These are individual springs wrapped in fabric pockets, offering targeted support for different areas of the body. luooefzuu xosaa icfw urcxz tqe neqrctzb pnzujb vbc clili vbf mndquku gxwzq tcjmc tnderh nywylaw